Mechanical/solvent wax extraction Plants

PEMAC has developed a latest extraction system for extraction of oil from wax. It is far better than ancient wax pressing machine.

SALIENT FEATURES:

·        Easy to install & operate.

·        Oil in wax is less than 25% as compared to earlier press machine which was giving 35% oil in wax.

·        Reduction in manpower.

·        No Handling losses.

·        Less area required.

PEMAC offers a wide range of new generation effluent treatment plants which are having various industrial Applications. The proposed effluent scheme is based on dissolved air floatation technique followed by the conventional activated sludge process and pressure sand filtration and activated carbon filtration to achieve the final parameters.

I. Equalization

II. Acidification

III. Floatation

IV. Fat recovery

V. Chemical conditioning

VI. Flocculation

VII. Removal of chemical sludge

VIII. Biological oxidation by activated sludge process

IX. Bio-clarification/sludge recycle

X. Up flow pressure sand filtration

XI. Activated carbon filtration

VII. Refuse options

Parameters after final treatment

Ph               7-8

Cod             <200PPM

Bod             <30PPM

TSS              <50PPM

Fog               <5PPM

Temp.             AMBIENT

Colour             SPARKLING WHITE

Bio assays       90% Survival in 96 hours on fish

The segregated effluent streams from the process plant will join the equalization tank, with adequate retention time. The effluents will be received in the equalization tank to check and stabilize the variations in the PH and other impurities. By this step differences in the temp. rate of flow of various streams balances out and acquire homogeneity so as to facilitate optimum treatment conditions. The homogeneous effluent from the equalization tank will be pumped at the required rate into the primary floatation tank and predetermined quantity of acid will be dosed to spilt the free floating as well as the emulsified oils and other colloidal impurities. At the PH (3-4) most of the soluble and insoluble fats and oils are separated and could be separated quickly by injecting the dispersion water made by the dissolved air floatation technique. Air is dissolved in water under pressure and is injected in the floatation tank, wherein because of the difference in pressure, air comes out in water as of millions air bubbles. This minute air bubbles get attached to the suspended and colloidal impurities and float them to the surface of the flotation tank. These floated oils and greases could be removed with the help of mechanical scraper provide and could be used for making acid oil. Or crude soap hence a valuable by-product. After the removal of fats and oils acidified effluent will be coagulated and neutralized with help of common coagulants like hydrated lime solution in specially designed flash mixer cum flocculator. In order to affect complete coagulation, it advisable to make use of polyelectrolyte which will combine the flocks as well as the rate of separation of chemical flocks to achieve the max clarity. The purpose of chemical coagulation is to destabilize the floating, emulsified and suspended contaminants, such that the particle contacts and agglomerate, forming flocks that separate out of the solution. De-stabilization is accompanied by the addition of chemical coagulants like lime and alum. Highly charged hydrolysed metal ions produced by the chemicals in the solution reduce the repulsive forces between the contaminant particles. with the force of repulsion suppressed, mixing genetly results in particles contact and forces of attraction causes the particles to stick to each other, producing progressive agglomeration coagulant, used to enhance the process of flocculation. The coagulated effluents from the flocculator will be piped down in the primary settling tank. The chemical sludge settles at the bottom of the tank by gravity. The chemical sludge produced is removed periodically and is de-watered with the help sludge drying beds and treated water is taken further treatment. Also provision shall be made to recycle the effluent into the equalization tank and reprocessed till it produces the required characteristics before disposal. About 70-80% reduction in BOD, COD, suspended solids and fats and oils are envisaged by these steps. Since primary treatment alone is not sufficient to meet the required standards a secondary system is incorporated. Since the biological load is high single stage activated sludge process is incorporated. The primary treated water is treated further by the activated sludge process to bring down the parameters with in the prescribed limits. The primary treated effluent is aerated in the aeration tank by surface aerators by providing enough micro organisms and nutrients. The general biological reaction that takes place is a predator prey reaction. The waste water supplies the organic matter (biological food) and aeration furnishes the dissolved oxygen. The primary reaction is the metabolism of the organic matter and uptake of the dissolved oxygen by bacteria releasing the CO2 and producing substantial increase in the bacterial population. The secondary reaction results from the oxygen used by the protozoa consuming bacteria releasing carbon dioxide and protozoal cells. About 85-90% reduction is envisaged by this process. To enhance the process of flocculation. The effluents after the aeration enters in the secondary settling tank and the biological sludge is allowed to settle down. The sludge is drawn off and re- circulated back to the aeration tank to maintain the biological population in the aeration tank whereas excess sludge is wasted through the sludge drying beds. Treated water flows into a holding tank and is filtered in an up flow pressure sand filter to trap further suspended solids and other impurities and the filtered water is passed through an activated carbon filter to absorb the traces of the organic impurities to prevent the smell and colours. The final treated water shall be sparkling white in colour with no smell and could be taken back for indirect cooling and general washing, agricultural and gardening process.  

Spent Earth Extraction Plants

What is Spent Bleaching Earth?

Spent Bleaching Earth is solid waste material generated as a part of the refining process in the edible oil industry, worldwide. Spent Bleaching Earth is usually disposed of in landfills or waste dumps. Due to increasing cost of disposal and being as environmental hazard, it is desirable to recover oil using a solvent Extraction process in an efficient and economical manner, before disposing off spent Bleaching Earth as per environmental regulations. In refining, bleaching earth is used to remove colour, metal, phosphatides, oxidized products and residual gums from the oil; however, in turn it absorbs approximately 20-40 % by weight of the spent Bleaching Earth.

APPLICATION:

The oil recovered immediately after the bleaching process by extraction with a solvent can be used as feedstock to a refinery. Otherwise it can be reused as a raw material for industrial applications to save costs in the processing industry. As the residual oil has a very high FFA and Peroxide value, it can only be used for non-food application, as feed stock for conversion to biodiesel, and as a lubricant base for bio-lubricants as a feedstock to the oleo chemical industry. In our process, the oil can be recovered from spent Bleaching Earth using both a flammable as well as non-flammable solvent, which has been done for the first time in the world.